Hi
Does anyone know if there is any Mat Med or a proving on this, or has
anyone in the group ever prescribed it?
Sue
PROLACTIN
Re: PROLACTIN
---
Introduction
Hyperprolactinemia is known to cause infertility in
1, 2 approximately 11% of oligospermic males. The
pulsatile secretion of the gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH) is inhibited by hyperprolactinemia.
This produces secondary hypogonadism by
decreasing the pulsatility of follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and
testosterone. It then leads to spermatogenic arrest,
1 impaired sperm motility and sperm quality.
Prolactin also plays a direct role in spermatogenesis
and steroidogenesis as prolactin receptors have been
2,3 detected in Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in testes.
This produces primary hypogonadism (low
testosterone and high FSH levels). It is seen that
oligospermic patients with normal serum levels of
gonadotropins show relatively higher serum levels of
prolactin proving a role of prolactin in gametogenesis
3, 4 that is independent of gonadotropins.
The semen analysis in such patients may even show
5,6 azoospermia. The aim of our study was to
determine the frequency of hypogonadism in our
male azoospermic/oligospermic patients who were
suffering from hyperprolactinemia.
Material and Methods Results
subjects were included in this study (twenty
apparently healthy males and hundred infertile males
having either oligospermia or azoospermia). Among
infertile males we ruled out any history of mumps,
testicular trauma, excessive genital irradiation, intake
7 of cytotoxic drugs and bilateral cryptorchidism.
After taking a formal consent of the subject, general
physical examination was carried out. Semen analysis
was done for sperm count according to WHO
8 criteria. Serum prolactin, FSH and testosterone
levels were estimated by radioimmunoassay (RIA).
Arithmetic means and standard deviation (SD) of
each variable in the control and test group was
calculated. Student's "t" test was applied to compare
the results of the control and test group. Difference
of results was considered as significant for P0.05. Linear
regression analysis and correlation coefficients were
used to determine correlation between sperm count
and serum prolactin levels and also between sperm
count and serum FSH level among the
hyperprolactinemic group having primary hypogonadism.
This study was carried out in the Department of We found twenty five
cases of hyperprolactinemia
Physiology, Federal Post Graduate Medical Institute, with significantly
(more than twice normal) high
Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore, in collaboration with levels of serum
prolactin. There were twelve patients
infertility clinics in Multan. A total number of 120 among these twenty
five cases whose serum
Shahroona Masud, Fatima Mehboob, Muhammad Usman Bappi
25
Severe Hyperprolactinemia Directly Depresses the
Gonadal Activity Causing Infertility
Original Article
Background:
Methods:
Results:
Conclusion:
Keywords:
To quantify the degree of correlation between serum hormones
(prolactin, FSH
and testosterone) and sperm count in primary hypogonadism due to
hyperprolactinemia in
oligo/azoospermic infertile patients.
Serum prolactin, FSH and testosterone levels of 100 male infertile
oligospermic/
azoospermic patients were assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and their
data was analyzed for
significant correlation with the same parameters of 20 control cases.
25 out of 100 infertile patients had hyperprolactinemia out of which 13
had
hypogonadism. Out of the 13 hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism cases, 9
had azoospermia. The
values of serum prolactin and FSH were significantly raised (p0.05
Esculapio VOLUME 02 , ISSUE 04, Jan - Mar, 2007
1= Control group 2=Test group
Hyperprolactinemia may cause azoospermia/ Sheikh Zayed Medical College,
oligospermia and infertility by inducing primary Rahim Yar Khan.
hypogonadism in males. There is a potential role of
FSH therapy in such cases.
Conclusion
theesculapio@hotmail.com
www.sims.edu.pk/esculapio.html
Fig-1: Comparison of sperm count, serum FSH, serum testosterone and
serum prolactin levels in the control and the test group.
Fig-2: Correlation between Sperm Count and Serum FSH in
hyperprolactinemia
associated with primary hypogonadism.
1 De Rosa M, Zarrilli S, Di Sarno A. Metab 2004 April; 89(4):1704-11.
Feldkamp J. Secondary infertility
Hyperprolactinemia in men: 5. Ya z awa T, F u j imo t o K, a s e a r l
y s ymp t om i n a
Clinical and Biochemical YamamotoT, Abe SI. Caspase
features and response to activity in newt spermatogonial
treatment. Endocrine 2003, Feb- apoptosis induced by prolactin
Mar; 20(1-2): 75-82. and cycloheximide. Mol Reprod
2. Vandekerckhove P, Lilford R, Vail Dev 2001 June; 54 (2):209-14.
A, Hughes E. Bromocriptine for 6. Yan W, Huang JX, Lax AS,
i d i o p a t h i c Pelliniemi L, Salminen E,
o l i g o / a s t h e n o s p e r mi a . Poutanen M et al. Over
expression
Chochrane Database Syst Rev of BCL-W in the testis disrupts
2000;(2): CD 000152. spermato- genesis. Revelation of
3. Arowojolu AO, Akinloye O, a role of BCL-W in male germ cell
Shittu OB. Serum and seminal cycle control. Mol Endocrinol
plasma prolactin levels in male 2003;17:1868-1879.
attenders of an infertility clinic 7. Lipshultz LI, Howard SS (eds).
in Ibadan. J Obstet and Scheme of evaluation of the
Gynaecol 2004 April; 24(3):306- infertile male. New York,
9. Churchill Livingstone. 1983; 535-
4. Colao A, Vitale G, Cappabianca P, 08.
Briganti F, Cocarelli A, De Rosa 8. World Health Organization
M et al. Outcome of cabergoline (WHO) Laboratory Manual for
t r e a tme n t i n me n wi t h the examination of human semen
prolactinoma: effects of 24 and cervical mucus interaction.
months treatment on prolactin Cambridge University Press:
levels, tumor mass, recovery of 1992: 1-20.
pituitary function and semen 9. Schuppe HC, Neuman NJ,
analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Schock SG, Hoppne r W,
man with multiple endocrine
neoplasia type I. Human Reprod
1999 Jan; 14(1):25-40.
10. Leonard MP, Nickel CJ, Morales
A. Hyper prolactin- emia and
impotence. Why, when and how
to investigate. The Journal of
Urology 1998; 142:992-4.
11. Abalovich M, Levalle O, Hermes
R, Scaglia H, Aronda C.
Hypothalamo pituitary testicular
axis and seminal parameters in
hyperthyroid males. Thyroid
1999 Sep; 9(9):857-63.
12. Yazawa T, Yamanoto T, Abe S.
Prolactin induces apoptosis in
the penultimate spermatogonial
stage of the testes in Japanese
red bellied newt (Cynops
Pyrrhogaster). Endocrinology
2000 June; 141(6):2027-32.
13. Sawhney RC, Malhotra AS, Pal
K, Kumar R, Bajay AC. Pituitary
gonadal hormones during
p r o l o n g e d r e s i d e n c y i n
Antarctica. Int J Biometeorol
References
27
1 2
0
100
200
300
400
Sperm count million/ml
Serum FSH mIU /ml
Serum Testosterone ng/dl
Serum PRL ìIU/ml
Esculapio VOLUME 02 , ISSUE 04, Jan - Mar, 2007
1998 Aug; 42 (1):51-4. spermatogonial cell death in the Lira S.
Relationship between
14. Yazawa T, Yamamoto T, newt, Cynops Pyrrhogaster. Gen hormone levels
and testicular
Kikuyama S, Abe SI. Elevation Comp Endocrinol 1990 Feb; biopsies of
azoospermic men.
o f p l a s m a p r o l a c t i n 113(2): 302-11. Arch Androl 1999 May-
Jun;
c o n c e n t r a t i o n s b y l ow 15. Merino G, Martinez Chequer JC,
42(3): 145-9.
temperature is the cause of Chan RG, Cuevas ML, Carranza
28
If you're constantly reaching for antacids to complications. Gertrude
Green was one of the
control your heartburn, you may have a more first patients in the
country to try the procedure,
serious problem called reflux disease. Some 25 after 20 years of trying
nearly everything else to
million Americans have it and now they have a control her reflux. "Over
the last 20 years I've
new option to treat it. Using a newly-approved taken over the counter
medications,
device for the first time in the U.S., doctors have prescriptions and
seen more than one doctor,"
performed surgery to fix reflux problems says Green. Gertrude has known
for years that
without making a single incision. Developing the surgery was an option,
but in the past, it was more
technology took decades, but the operation only invasive and would
require more time to recover.
took an hour. When it was over, doctors at Ohio Now this new technique
can change that and
State University Medical Center may have possibly more. "Reflux can
give people
ushered in a new era of surgery when it comes to heartburn, but it also
has been associated with an
fixing reflux problems. Experts at OSUMC say increased risk of
esophageal cancer. Right now in
they're the first in the U.S. to use recently North America, esophageal
cancer has increased
approved remote control instruments to repair dramatically over the
last decade - doubling even
the valve between the esophagus and stomach tripling the number of
cases," says Melvin. It's
without using a scalpel. "This device eliminates too early to tell if
this surgery will impact the
the need for any incisions whatsoever. The entire number of cancer
cases, but it's clear to patients
reconstruction, or rebuilding of the valve, can be like Gertrude that
it's already addressed the
done from the inside all with an instrument burning issue of reflux.
Doctors say getting
through the mouth," says Scott Melvin, MD, at heartburn once in a while
is normal. If you get it
Ohio State University Medical Center. By going 3 or 4 times a week, you
should get it checked.
entirely through a patient's mouth, doctors don't Right now, through-
the-mouth surgery is only
have to cut into the body. That can dramatically available at certain
hospitals. It is expected to
cut down on recovery time and the risk of become more common in the
coming years.
Endoscopic Management of GERD
Medical News
Esculapio VOLUME 02 , ISSUE 04, Jan - Mar, 2007
In minutus@yahoogroups.com, "Sue Smith" wrote:
Introduction
Hyperprolactinemia is known to cause infertility in
1, 2 approximately 11% of oligospermic males. The
pulsatile secretion of the gonadotropin releasing
hormone (GnRH) is inhibited by hyperprolactinemia.
This produces secondary hypogonadism by
decreasing the pulsatility of follicle stimulating
hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and
testosterone. It then leads to spermatogenic arrest,
1 impaired sperm motility and sperm quality.
Prolactin also plays a direct role in spermatogenesis
and steroidogenesis as prolactin receptors have been
2,3 detected in Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in testes.
This produces primary hypogonadism (low
testosterone and high FSH levels). It is seen that
oligospermic patients with normal serum levels of
gonadotropins show relatively higher serum levels of
prolactin proving a role of prolactin in gametogenesis
3, 4 that is independent of gonadotropins.
The semen analysis in such patients may even show
5,6 azoospermia. The aim of our study was to
determine the frequency of hypogonadism in our
male azoospermic/oligospermic patients who were
suffering from hyperprolactinemia.
Material and Methods Results
subjects were included in this study (twenty
apparently healthy males and hundred infertile males
having either oligospermia or azoospermia). Among
infertile males we ruled out any history of mumps,
testicular trauma, excessive genital irradiation, intake
7 of cytotoxic drugs and bilateral cryptorchidism.
After taking a formal consent of the subject, general
physical examination was carried out. Semen analysis
was done for sperm count according to WHO
8 criteria. Serum prolactin, FSH and testosterone
levels were estimated by radioimmunoassay (RIA).
Arithmetic means and standard deviation (SD) of
each variable in the control and test group was
calculated. Student's "t" test was applied to compare
the results of the control and test group. Difference
of results was considered as significant for P0.05. Linear
regression analysis and correlation coefficients were
used to determine correlation between sperm count
and serum prolactin levels and also between sperm
count and serum FSH level among the
hyperprolactinemic group having primary hypogonadism.
This study was carried out in the Department of We found twenty five
cases of hyperprolactinemia
Physiology, Federal Post Graduate Medical Institute, with significantly
(more than twice normal) high
Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore, in collaboration with levels of serum
prolactin. There were twelve patients
infertility clinics in Multan. A total number of 120 among these twenty
five cases whose serum
Shahroona Masud, Fatima Mehboob, Muhammad Usman Bappi
25
Severe Hyperprolactinemia Directly Depresses the
Gonadal Activity Causing Infertility
Original Article
Background:
Methods:
Results:
Conclusion:
Keywords:
To quantify the degree of correlation between serum hormones
(prolactin, FSH
and testosterone) and sperm count in primary hypogonadism due to
hyperprolactinemia in
oligo/azoospermic infertile patients.
Serum prolactin, FSH and testosterone levels of 100 male infertile
oligospermic/
azoospermic patients were assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and their
data was analyzed for
significant correlation with the same parameters of 20 control cases.
25 out of 100 infertile patients had hyperprolactinemia out of which 13
had
hypogonadism. Out of the 13 hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism cases, 9
had azoospermia. The
values of serum prolactin and FSH were significantly raised (p0.05
Esculapio VOLUME 02 , ISSUE 04, Jan - Mar, 2007
1= Control group 2=Test group
Hyperprolactinemia may cause azoospermia/ Sheikh Zayed Medical College,
oligospermia and infertility by inducing primary Rahim Yar Khan.
hypogonadism in males. There is a potential role of
FSH therapy in such cases.
Conclusion
theesculapio@hotmail.com
www.sims.edu.pk/esculapio.html
Fig-1: Comparison of sperm count, serum FSH, serum testosterone and
serum prolactin levels in the control and the test group.
Fig-2: Correlation between Sperm Count and Serum FSH in
hyperprolactinemia
associated with primary hypogonadism.
1 De Rosa M, Zarrilli S, Di Sarno A. Metab 2004 April; 89(4):1704-11.
Feldkamp J. Secondary infertility
Hyperprolactinemia in men: 5. Ya z awa T, F u j imo t o K, a s e a r l
y s ymp t om i n a
Clinical and Biochemical YamamotoT, Abe SI. Caspase
features and response to activity in newt spermatogonial
treatment. Endocrine 2003, Feb- apoptosis induced by prolactin
Mar; 20(1-2): 75-82. and cycloheximide. Mol Reprod
2. Vandekerckhove P, Lilford R, Vail Dev 2001 June; 54 (2):209-14.
A, Hughes E. Bromocriptine for 6. Yan W, Huang JX, Lax AS,
i d i o p a t h i c Pelliniemi L, Salminen E,
o l i g o / a s t h e n o s p e r mi a . Poutanen M et al. Over
expression
Chochrane Database Syst Rev of BCL-W in the testis disrupts
2000;(2): CD 000152. spermato- genesis. Revelation of
3. Arowojolu AO, Akinloye O, a role of BCL-W in male germ cell
Shittu OB. Serum and seminal cycle control. Mol Endocrinol
plasma prolactin levels in male 2003;17:1868-1879.
attenders of an infertility clinic 7. Lipshultz LI, Howard SS (eds).
in Ibadan. J Obstet and Scheme of evaluation of the
Gynaecol 2004 April; 24(3):306- infertile male. New York,
9. Churchill Livingstone. 1983; 535-
4. Colao A, Vitale G, Cappabianca P, 08.
Briganti F, Cocarelli A, De Rosa 8. World Health Organization
M et al. Outcome of cabergoline (WHO) Laboratory Manual for
t r e a tme n t i n me n wi t h the examination of human semen
prolactinoma: effects of 24 and cervical mucus interaction.
months treatment on prolactin Cambridge University Press:
levels, tumor mass, recovery of 1992: 1-20.
pituitary function and semen 9. Schuppe HC, Neuman NJ,
analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Schock SG, Hoppne r W,
man with multiple endocrine
neoplasia type I. Human Reprod
1999 Jan; 14(1):25-40.
10. Leonard MP, Nickel CJ, Morales
A. Hyper prolactin- emia and
impotence. Why, when and how
to investigate. The Journal of
Urology 1998; 142:992-4.
11. Abalovich M, Levalle O, Hermes
R, Scaglia H, Aronda C.
Hypothalamo pituitary testicular
axis and seminal parameters in
hyperthyroid males. Thyroid
1999 Sep; 9(9):857-63.
12. Yazawa T, Yamanoto T, Abe S.
Prolactin induces apoptosis in
the penultimate spermatogonial
stage of the testes in Japanese
red bellied newt (Cynops
Pyrrhogaster). Endocrinology
2000 June; 141(6):2027-32.
13. Sawhney RC, Malhotra AS, Pal
K, Kumar R, Bajay AC. Pituitary
gonadal hormones during
p r o l o n g e d r e s i d e n c y i n
Antarctica. Int J Biometeorol
References
27
1 2
0
100
200
300
400
Sperm count million/ml
Serum FSH mIU /ml
Serum Testosterone ng/dl
Serum PRL ìIU/ml
Esculapio VOLUME 02 , ISSUE 04, Jan - Mar, 2007
1998 Aug; 42 (1):51-4. spermatogonial cell death in the Lira S.
Relationship between
14. Yazawa T, Yamamoto T, newt, Cynops Pyrrhogaster. Gen hormone levels
and testicular
Kikuyama S, Abe SI. Elevation Comp Endocrinol 1990 Feb; biopsies of
azoospermic men.
o f p l a s m a p r o l a c t i n 113(2): 302-11. Arch Androl 1999 May-
Jun;
c o n c e n t r a t i o n s b y l ow 15. Merino G, Martinez Chequer JC,
42(3): 145-9.
temperature is the cause of Chan RG, Cuevas ML, Carranza
28
If you're constantly reaching for antacids to complications. Gertrude
Green was one of the
control your heartburn, you may have a more first patients in the
country to try the procedure,
serious problem called reflux disease. Some 25 after 20 years of trying
nearly everything else to
million Americans have it and now they have a control her reflux. "Over
the last 20 years I've
new option to treat it. Using a newly-approved taken over the counter
medications,
device for the first time in the U.S., doctors have prescriptions and
seen more than one doctor,"
performed surgery to fix reflux problems says Green. Gertrude has known
for years that
without making a single incision. Developing the surgery was an option,
but in the past, it was more
technology took decades, but the operation only invasive and would
require more time to recover.
took an hour. When it was over, doctors at Ohio Now this new technique
can change that and
State University Medical Center may have possibly more. "Reflux can
give people
ushered in a new era of surgery when it comes to heartburn, but it also
has been associated with an
fixing reflux problems. Experts at OSUMC say increased risk of
esophageal cancer. Right now in
they're the first in the U.S. to use recently North America, esophageal
cancer has increased
approved remote control instruments to repair dramatically over the
last decade - doubling even
the valve between the esophagus and stomach tripling the number of
cases," says Melvin. It's
without using a scalpel. "This device eliminates too early to tell if
this surgery will impact the
the need for any incisions whatsoever. The entire number of cancer
cases, but it's clear to patients
reconstruction, or rebuilding of the valve, can be like Gertrude that
it's already addressed the
done from the inside all with an instrument burning issue of reflux.
Doctors say getting
through the mouth," says Scott Melvin, MD, at heartburn once in a while
is normal. If you get it
Ohio State University Medical Center. By going 3 or 4 times a week, you
should get it checked.
entirely through a patient's mouth, doctors don't Right now, through-
the-mouth surgery is only
have to cut into the body. That can dramatically available at certain
hospitals. It is expected to
cut down on recovery time and the risk of become more common in the
coming years.
Endoscopic Management of GERD
Medical News
Esculapio VOLUME 02 , ISSUE 04, Jan - Mar, 2007
In minutus@yahoogroups.com, "Sue Smith" wrote:
Re: PROLACTIN
An interesting context, thank you. Has anybody out there used
Prolactin homeopathically?
Sue
Prolactin homeopathically?
Sue
Re: PROLACTIN
I don’t know if it’s proven, and I’ve never used it, but I believe there are frequently high levels of prolactins in women needing Pulsatilla, Mimosa pudica, and perhaps some other remedies.
Peace,
Dale
From: minutus@yahoogroups.com [mailto:minutus@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Sue Smith
Sent: Thursday, February 05, 2009 8:37 AM
To: minutus@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [Minutus] PROLACTIN
Hi
Does anyone know if there is any Mat Med or a proving on this, or has
anyone in the group ever prescribed it?
Sue
Peace,
Dale
From: minutus@yahoogroups.com [mailto:minutus@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Sue Smith
Sent: Thursday, February 05, 2009 8:37 AM
To: minutus@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [Minutus] PROLACTIN
Hi
Does anyone know if there is any Mat Med or a proving on this, or has
anyone in the group ever prescribed it?
Sue
Re: PROLACTIN
A patient of mine with high prolactin levels failed to conceive so used Clomid for 1 cycle (didn't tell me first!!:-)and conceived immediately. She has mostly over the years been on the Sulph - Calc- Lyco cycle. I would be interested in knowing if anyone has managed to reduce the Prolactin level in a woman to achieve pregnancy.
Rochelle
Registered Homeopath
EFT(Advanced) Practitioner
www.southporthomeopathy.co.uk
Rochelle
Registered Homeopath
EFT(Advanced) Practitioner
www.southporthomeopathy.co.uk