galantamine
Posted: Sun May 18, 2003 4:53 pm
Hi, Tanya!
Following is an excerpt from an excellent database called Hyperhealth,
available online for about $80.00. I have found it to be invaluable in
working with clients.
There is no indication here that it could cause constipation, but now that
you have the other spellings you might find something online or from a
pharmacist. Surely your client has read the patient insert provided by the
pharmacy!?!?!
Annelle Norman
Denver, Colorado
Galanthamine []
Also known as: Galantamine; Galanthamine Hydrobromide; Jilkon;
Lycoremine; Nivalin; Reminyl
Description
Galanthamine is a type of (second generation) Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Pharmaceutical Drug. Chemically, Galanthamine is a Morphine Alkaloid
derived from the bulb of Galanthus nivalis (the Common Snowdrop - a type of
Daffodil); the bulb of Narcissus pseudonarcissus (the common Daffodil); or
from Lycoris radiata (Red Spider Lily).
Health Benefits of Galanthamine
Immune System
Galanthamine alleviates the residual Paralysis associated with recovery
from Poliomyelitis.
Metabolism
Galanthamine (16 mg per day) reduces Pain and Fatigue in Chronic Fatigue
Syndrome (CFS) patients (due to its beneficial effects on Acetylcholine
function). research
Nervous System
Galanthamine is utilized in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (due to
its Acetylcholinesterase inhibiting capabilities): research
- Galanthamine improves the cognitive function of (mild to moderate)
Alzheimer’s Disease patients.
- Studies have shown that Galanthamine improves cognitive performance in 60%
of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer’s Disease cases within 9 - 10 weeks
and most of these patients continue to show exhibit improvement after two
years of continued Galanthamine therapy.
- In addition to inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase, Galanthamine improves the
function of Nicotinic Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease patients.
- It should be noted that Galanthamine does not permanently halt the
cognitive decline that occurs in Alzheimer’s Disease, although it does
significantly delay the progression of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Galanthamine stimulates Cholinergic Receptors (it functions as a
Cholinergic agonist): research
- Galanthamine binds to and enhances the function of Nicotinic Receptors in
the Brain It also increases the number of Nicotinic Receptors. research
Galanthamine exerts a mild anti-depressant effect and is therefore useful
as an adjunct for the treatment of Depression. research
Galanthamine (10 - 35 mg per day taken at the desired waking time of the
new destination for several days prior to travelling and for several days
after arriving at the new destination) is claimed to counteract Jet-Lag (via
its effects on Acetylcholine and Cholinergic Receptors). research
Galanthamine helps to reverse the Learning impairment that occurs as a
result of excessive long-term Alcohol (ethanol) consumption. research
Galanthamine helps to reverse the Short-Term Memory impairment that occurs
as a result of excessive long-term Alcohol (ethanol) consumption: research
- Galanthamine helps to reverse the Spatial Memory impairment that occurs as
a result of excessive long-term Alcohol (ethanol) consumption. research
Galanthamine is beneficial in the treatment of Myasthenia gravis.
Galanthamine is beneficial in the treatment of Myelitis.
Galanthamine alleviates Trigeminal Neuralgia. research
Galanthamine alleviates Neuritis. research
Galanthamine is beneficial in the treatment of Radiculitis.
Sexual System
Galanthamine (30 - 60 mg per day) improves male Sexual Performance in men
with either form of Male Impotence. research
Galanthamine (30 - 60 mg per day) improves male Sexual Performance in men
with psychogenic Male Impotence. research
Galanthamine Enhances the Function of these Substances
Neurotransmitters
Galanthamine permits the accumulation of Acetylcholine at the Synapses of
Cholinergic Neurons in the Brain and thereby enhances the simulation of
Nerve Impulses by Acetylcholine (due to Galanthamine inhibiting the
Acetylcholinesterase enzyme).
Galanthamine Counteracts these Toxic Substances
Enzymes
Galanthamine (reversibly) inhibits the Acetylcholinesterase enzyme by 35% -
60% (permitting an accumulation of Acetylcholine at the Synapses of
Cholinergic Neurons and subsequent stimulation of Nerve Impulses by
Acetylcholine). It is noteworthy that Galanthamine is approximately fifty
times more effective at inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase than
Butylcholinesterase (Butylcholinesterase inhibition is undesirable).
research
Recreational Drugs
Galanthamine counteracts the impairment of Learning, Short-Term Memory and
Spatial Memory that occurs as a result of long-term consumption of Alcohol
(ethanol). research
Potentially Toxic Effects of Galanthamine
The literature for Galanthamine states that adverse reactions to
Galanthamine are infrequent, dose-dependent and in most cases these adverse
reactions resolve spontaneously within 10 - 14 days with continued therapy.
Digestive System
Galanthamine sometimes causes Vomiting. research
Nervous System
Galanthamine occasionally causes mild Headache. research
Galanthamine occasionally causes Nausea. research
Galanthamine sometimes causes Vertigo.
Contraindications
Cardiovascular System
Bradycardia patients should not use Galanthamine.
Persons who have recently experienced a Heart Attack should not use
Galanthamine.
Metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus patients should not use Galanthamine.
Musculoskeletal System
Muscular Atrophy patients should not use Galanthamine.
Muscular Dystrophy patients should not use Galanthamine.
Nervous System
Epilepsy patients should not use Galanthamine.
Pharmaceutical/Smart Drugs
Galanthamine should not be administered to persons using MAO-B Inhibitors
(such as Deprenyl) as this combination could otherwise cause Hypertension.
Galanthamine Compared to other Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Galanthamine is regarded as a “second generation” (i.e. more effective)
Cholinesterase Inhibitor:
- The biological half-life for Galanthamine (unlike “first-generation”
Cholinesterase Inhibitors whose half-life is shorter) is close to ideal (i.e
5.7 hours).
- Unlike “first-generation” Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Galanthamine causes
no cumulative toxicity and no Liver toxicity.
Bioavailability research
Both the orally administered and liquid forms of Galanthamine are very well
(close to 100%) absorbed - it readily crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier.
The biological half-life for Galanthamine is 5.7 hours (considered the
ideal half-
life for Cholinesterase Inhibition).
Maximum plasma concentrations of Galanthamine occur approximately 52
minutes after its oral ingestion.
Dosage Recommendations [More Information about Galanthamine Dosages]
For the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (including suspected Alzheimer’s
Disease), it is recommended to physicians that Galanthamine therapy be
initiated as soon as possible after diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease has
been established:
- Initial dosage is 15 mg per day administered via three equal dosages of 5
mg throughout the day.
- Subsequent dosages should be increased up to the recommended maintenance
dosage of 30 - 40 mg per day (corresponding to 0.4 - 0.5 mg per kg of body
weight).
- Some researchers recommend a daily dosage of as low as 24 mg of
Galanthamine per day for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Commercial Availability of Galanthamine
Pharmaceutical Drug
Galanthamine has been available as a regular prescription item in Germany
and Austria since 1962 (via Waldheim in its product Nivalin), however it is
still regarded as an experimental drug in most other countries of the world.
Pharmaceutical Drug
Galanthamine is available from some international mail-order pharmacies and
internet-based mail order supplement companies in the form of:
- 5 mg coated tablets (Nivalin)
- 5 mg ampoules (designed for intramuscular injection)
- 8 mg capsules (combined with Choline and Vitamin B5)
- 10 mg coated tablets (Nivalin)
- powder (combined with Choline and Vitamin B5)
Chemical Data
Molecular Formula
C17H21NO3
Chemical Name
1,2,3,4,6,7,7a,11c-octahydro-9-methoxy-2methylbenzofuro[4,3,2-
efg][2]benzazocin-6-ol
Molecular Weight
287.35
Related Topics
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Copyright (from Hyperhealth Pro)
In-Tele-Health © 2002 (from Hyperhealth Pro CD-ROM)
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
Following is an excerpt from an excellent database called Hyperhealth,
available online for about $80.00. I have found it to be invaluable in
working with clients.
There is no indication here that it could cause constipation, but now that
you have the other spellings you might find something online or from a
pharmacist. Surely your client has read the patient insert provided by the
pharmacy!?!?!
Annelle Norman
Denver, Colorado
Galanthamine []
Also known as: Galantamine; Galanthamine Hydrobromide; Jilkon;
Lycoremine; Nivalin; Reminyl
Description
Galanthamine is a type of (second generation) Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Pharmaceutical Drug. Chemically, Galanthamine is a Morphine Alkaloid
derived from the bulb of Galanthus nivalis (the Common Snowdrop - a type of
Daffodil); the bulb of Narcissus pseudonarcissus (the common Daffodil); or
from Lycoris radiata (Red Spider Lily).
Health Benefits of Galanthamine
Immune System
Galanthamine alleviates the residual Paralysis associated with recovery
from Poliomyelitis.
Metabolism
Galanthamine (16 mg per day) reduces Pain and Fatigue in Chronic Fatigue
Syndrome (CFS) patients (due to its beneficial effects on Acetylcholine
function). research
Nervous System
Galanthamine is utilized in the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (due to
its Acetylcholinesterase inhibiting capabilities): research
- Galanthamine improves the cognitive function of (mild to moderate)
Alzheimer’s Disease patients.
- Studies have shown that Galanthamine improves cognitive performance in 60%
of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer’s Disease cases within 9 - 10 weeks
and most of these patients continue to show exhibit improvement after two
years of continued Galanthamine therapy.
- In addition to inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase, Galanthamine improves the
function of Nicotinic Receptors in Alzheimer’s Disease patients.
- It should be noted that Galanthamine does not permanently halt the
cognitive decline that occurs in Alzheimer’s Disease, although it does
significantly delay the progression of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Galanthamine stimulates Cholinergic Receptors (it functions as a
Cholinergic agonist): research
- Galanthamine binds to and enhances the function of Nicotinic Receptors in
the Brain It also increases the number of Nicotinic Receptors. research
Galanthamine exerts a mild anti-depressant effect and is therefore useful
as an adjunct for the treatment of Depression. research
Galanthamine (10 - 35 mg per day taken at the desired waking time of the
new destination for several days prior to travelling and for several days
after arriving at the new destination) is claimed to counteract Jet-Lag (via
its effects on Acetylcholine and Cholinergic Receptors). research
Galanthamine helps to reverse the Learning impairment that occurs as a
result of excessive long-term Alcohol (ethanol) consumption. research
Galanthamine helps to reverse the Short-Term Memory impairment that occurs
as a result of excessive long-term Alcohol (ethanol) consumption: research
- Galanthamine helps to reverse the Spatial Memory impairment that occurs as
a result of excessive long-term Alcohol (ethanol) consumption. research
Galanthamine is beneficial in the treatment of Myasthenia gravis.
Galanthamine is beneficial in the treatment of Myelitis.
Galanthamine alleviates Trigeminal Neuralgia. research
Galanthamine alleviates Neuritis. research
Galanthamine is beneficial in the treatment of Radiculitis.
Sexual System
Galanthamine (30 - 60 mg per day) improves male Sexual Performance in men
with either form of Male Impotence. research
Galanthamine (30 - 60 mg per day) improves male Sexual Performance in men
with psychogenic Male Impotence. research
Galanthamine Enhances the Function of these Substances
Neurotransmitters
Galanthamine permits the accumulation of Acetylcholine at the Synapses of
Cholinergic Neurons in the Brain and thereby enhances the simulation of
Nerve Impulses by Acetylcholine (due to Galanthamine inhibiting the
Acetylcholinesterase enzyme).
Galanthamine Counteracts these Toxic Substances
Enzymes
Galanthamine (reversibly) inhibits the Acetylcholinesterase enzyme by 35% -
60% (permitting an accumulation of Acetylcholine at the Synapses of
Cholinergic Neurons and subsequent stimulation of Nerve Impulses by
Acetylcholine). It is noteworthy that Galanthamine is approximately fifty
times more effective at inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase than
Butylcholinesterase (Butylcholinesterase inhibition is undesirable).
research
Recreational Drugs
Galanthamine counteracts the impairment of Learning, Short-Term Memory and
Spatial Memory that occurs as a result of long-term consumption of Alcohol
(ethanol). research
Potentially Toxic Effects of Galanthamine
The literature for Galanthamine states that adverse reactions to
Galanthamine are infrequent, dose-dependent and in most cases these adverse
reactions resolve spontaneously within 10 - 14 days with continued therapy.
Digestive System
Galanthamine sometimes causes Vomiting. research
Nervous System
Galanthamine occasionally causes mild Headache. research
Galanthamine occasionally causes Nausea. research
Galanthamine sometimes causes Vertigo.
Contraindications
Cardiovascular System
Bradycardia patients should not use Galanthamine.
Persons who have recently experienced a Heart Attack should not use
Galanthamine.
Metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus patients should not use Galanthamine.
Musculoskeletal System
Muscular Atrophy patients should not use Galanthamine.
Muscular Dystrophy patients should not use Galanthamine.
Nervous System
Epilepsy patients should not use Galanthamine.
Pharmaceutical/Smart Drugs
Galanthamine should not be administered to persons using MAO-B Inhibitors
(such as Deprenyl) as this combination could otherwise cause Hypertension.
Galanthamine Compared to other Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Galanthamine is regarded as a “second generation” (i.e. more effective)
Cholinesterase Inhibitor:
- The biological half-life for Galanthamine (unlike “first-generation”
Cholinesterase Inhibitors whose half-life is shorter) is close to ideal (i.e
5.7 hours).
- Unlike “first-generation” Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Galanthamine causes
no cumulative toxicity and no Liver toxicity.
Bioavailability research
Both the orally administered and liquid forms of Galanthamine are very well
(close to 100%) absorbed - it readily crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier.
The biological half-life for Galanthamine is 5.7 hours (considered the
ideal half-
life for Cholinesterase Inhibition).
Maximum plasma concentrations of Galanthamine occur approximately 52
minutes after its oral ingestion.
Dosage Recommendations [More Information about Galanthamine Dosages]
For the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (including suspected Alzheimer’s
Disease), it is recommended to physicians that Galanthamine therapy be
initiated as soon as possible after diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease has
been established:
- Initial dosage is 15 mg per day administered via three equal dosages of 5
mg throughout the day.
- Subsequent dosages should be increased up to the recommended maintenance
dosage of 30 - 40 mg per day (corresponding to 0.4 - 0.5 mg per kg of body
weight).
- Some researchers recommend a daily dosage of as low as 24 mg of
Galanthamine per day for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease.
Commercial Availability of Galanthamine
Pharmaceutical Drug
Galanthamine has been available as a regular prescription item in Germany
and Austria since 1962 (via Waldheim in its product Nivalin), however it is
still regarded as an experimental drug in most other countries of the world.
Pharmaceutical Drug
Galanthamine is available from some international mail-order pharmacies and
internet-based mail order supplement companies in the form of:
- 5 mg coated tablets (Nivalin)
- 5 mg ampoules (designed for intramuscular injection)
- 8 mg capsules (combined with Choline and Vitamin B5)
- 10 mg coated tablets (Nivalin)
- powder (combined with Choline and Vitamin B5)
Chemical Data
Molecular Formula
C17H21NO3
Chemical Name
1,2,3,4,6,7,7a,11c-octahydro-9-methoxy-2methylbenzofuro[4,3,2-
efg][2]benzazocin-6-ol
Molecular Weight
287.35
Related Topics
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Copyright (from Hyperhealth Pro)
In-Tele-Health © 2002 (from Hyperhealth Pro CD-ROM)
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]