Role of Peruvian bark
Posted: Wed Aug 19, 2009 11:56 am
Dear Soroush,
From my memory of Haehl and repeated reading of the Organon and of Chronic Diseases, the sequence of Hahnemann's discovery of the curative value of the homoeopathic relationship between medicine and illness was as follows:
(1) Due in large part to its results as confessed by its best practitioners, Hahnemann adopted early on a healthy skepticism that any sound reasons lay behind such "systems" as orthodox medicine then used, including • seeking to understand and oppose the causes of illness in bodily humours, • seeking to cure patients through treatments that oppose a symptom of interest, • seeking to cure patients through counter-irritation, and • seeking to apply medicines upon the basis of their similarity of appearance, behaviour, or other properties to some aspect of the patient's illness (the allopathic doctrine of signatures, which Liz has pointed out may have played a part in native use of Peruvian bark in malaria).
(2) Hahnemann experienced outraged incredulity in particular at Cullen's explanation for the effectuality of Peruvian bark in breaking up the regularity of intermittent (malarial) fevers.
(3) Due in part no doubt to Hahnemann's rigorous training, in searching his mind for a way to determine how Peruvian bark acted in such fevers, he hit upon the wholly original idea of learning what abilities Peruvian bark held to alter health: its so-called pure effects. This most significant idea, which still largely escapes allopathic medicine today, is what allowed Hahnemann to separate the primary effects of any drug from its secondary effects and from the course of any natural illness in which it might be applied.
(4) Hahnemann chose as his most reliable first-hand observer of objective and subjective symptoms himself and accordingly took the drug.
(5) He expressed marked surprise at the similarities between the primary effects of the drug and the malarial fevers over which it so commonly had marked influence.
(6) Naturally this single experiment suggested a possible principle, which Hahnemann nevertheless took to testing repeatedly, by learning the primary effects of many drugs in as much detail as possible and comparing these with those natural illnesses in which they showed a markedly curative effect, both in history and in medical trial.
(7) In examining these relationships, Hahnemann drew clear distinctions between fixed diseases (which he called acute or chronic or semi-acute miasms and which we might also call infections) and symptoms (some of which to this day allopathic medicine will refer to as syndromes or diseases).
(8) As a result partly of this but largely too of his innate conscientiousness, Hahnemann drew clear distinctions between the course of individual patients' diseases and so refined the notion of similarity. From what his original experiment might have suggested -- such as a conception that Peruvian bark might cure or at least remove some of the symptoms of malaria -- he arrived at a conception of similarity so refined that the name of the disease came scarcely to matter in comparison with the characteristics of that disease unique to each individual.
(9) Hahnemann discovered what we take for granted about medicines: that they are capable of reproducing individuals' symptomatic responses as finely differentiated as individuals' responses to natural disease.
(10) Having found, and stated, that in all cases of which he was aware, the drug that cured a patient's illness was similar in primary effects to that patient's illness, and having examined this question both in broad, generic terms (malaria and Peruvian bark) and in particular, individualised terms (peculiar patient symptoms and characteristic primary drug symptoms), Hahnemann found that the more homoeopathic a drug was to the patient's particular illness, the more direct and rapid was the cure it could produce.
Naturally Hahnemann discovered much more than this, but that is another story: not the story of his discovery that similars cure similars and not the story of his direction that in order to cure, one should prescribe as similarly as possible, which together are the story of the discovery of the generality of the medical homoeopathic result and of the invention of the homoeopathic medical principle that followed from that discovery.
Cheers --
John
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"The mind is not a vessel to be filled but a fire to be kindled."
— Plutarch
From my memory of Haehl and repeated reading of the Organon and of Chronic Diseases, the sequence of Hahnemann's discovery of the curative value of the homoeopathic relationship between medicine and illness was as follows:
(1) Due in large part to its results as confessed by its best practitioners, Hahnemann adopted early on a healthy skepticism that any sound reasons lay behind such "systems" as orthodox medicine then used, including • seeking to understand and oppose the causes of illness in bodily humours, • seeking to cure patients through treatments that oppose a symptom of interest, • seeking to cure patients through counter-irritation, and • seeking to apply medicines upon the basis of their similarity of appearance, behaviour, or other properties to some aspect of the patient's illness (the allopathic doctrine of signatures, which Liz has pointed out may have played a part in native use of Peruvian bark in malaria).
(2) Hahnemann experienced outraged incredulity in particular at Cullen's explanation for the effectuality of Peruvian bark in breaking up the regularity of intermittent (malarial) fevers.
(3) Due in part no doubt to Hahnemann's rigorous training, in searching his mind for a way to determine how Peruvian bark acted in such fevers, he hit upon the wholly original idea of learning what abilities Peruvian bark held to alter health: its so-called pure effects. This most significant idea, which still largely escapes allopathic medicine today, is what allowed Hahnemann to separate the primary effects of any drug from its secondary effects and from the course of any natural illness in which it might be applied.
(4) Hahnemann chose as his most reliable first-hand observer of objective and subjective symptoms himself and accordingly took the drug.
(5) He expressed marked surprise at the similarities between the primary effects of the drug and the malarial fevers over which it so commonly had marked influence.
(6) Naturally this single experiment suggested a possible principle, which Hahnemann nevertheless took to testing repeatedly, by learning the primary effects of many drugs in as much detail as possible and comparing these with those natural illnesses in which they showed a markedly curative effect, both in history and in medical trial.
(7) In examining these relationships, Hahnemann drew clear distinctions between fixed diseases (which he called acute or chronic or semi-acute miasms and which we might also call infections) and symptoms (some of which to this day allopathic medicine will refer to as syndromes or diseases).
(8) As a result partly of this but largely too of his innate conscientiousness, Hahnemann drew clear distinctions between the course of individual patients' diseases and so refined the notion of similarity. From what his original experiment might have suggested -- such as a conception that Peruvian bark might cure or at least remove some of the symptoms of malaria -- he arrived at a conception of similarity so refined that the name of the disease came scarcely to matter in comparison with the characteristics of that disease unique to each individual.
(9) Hahnemann discovered what we take for granted about medicines: that they are capable of reproducing individuals' symptomatic responses as finely differentiated as individuals' responses to natural disease.
(10) Having found, and stated, that in all cases of which he was aware, the drug that cured a patient's illness was similar in primary effects to that patient's illness, and having examined this question both in broad, generic terms (malaria and Peruvian bark) and in particular, individualised terms (peculiar patient symptoms and characteristic primary drug symptoms), Hahnemann found that the more homoeopathic a drug was to the patient's particular illness, the more direct and rapid was the cure it could produce.
Naturally Hahnemann discovered much more than this, but that is another story: not the story of his discovery that similars cure similars and not the story of his direction that in order to cure, one should prescribe as similarly as possible, which together are the story of the discovery of the generality of the medical homoeopathic result and of the invention of the homoeopathic medical principle that followed from that discovery.
Cheers --
John
--
------------------------------------------------------------------
"The mind is not a vessel to be filled but a fire to be kindled."
— Plutarch