Cadmium- More
Posted: Fri Mar 27, 2009 11:44 am
Cadmium metallicum
A PROVING OF CADMIUM METALLICUM (1998)
Patricia A Hatherly BA DipEd IBCLC BHSc (Hom)
Final year students undertaking a degree in Health Science (Homoeopathy) at the Australian College of Natural Medicine, Brisbane are required to participate in a proving in order to fulfil course requirements. These provings follow the principles laid down by Hahnemann in paragraphs 105-145 of the Organon of Medicine, and those guidelines suggested by J Sherr in The Dynamics and Methodology of Homoeopathic Provings and the March 1997 draft of the ICCH recommended guidelines for good provings.
The remedy for this inaugural proving was selected by the course co-ordinator Dr. Mita Parmar and distributed blind on 21/8/1988 (the eve of a new moon and solar eclipse) in the 7C, 8C and 30C potencies to the five students who acted as supervisors to five anonymous volunteers who were in good health and had not taken any remedy in the three months prior to the proving. A base-line case was taken by each supervisor, and each volunteer was instructed to take the remedy away from food and drink in the morning and evening of three consecutive days (ie maximum of 6 doses) or, until symptoms began to arise. Supervisors were required to maintain daily contact initially with the subjects until it was agreed-upon by both parties that two or three contacts a week would suffice. As Master Prover I was available at all times for the supervisors should they need any assistance, and met with the students weekly throughout the proving which lasted 8 weeks.
Murphy notes that the first proving was conducted by Burdach in 1827 with a half grain and later by Petroz.(1) Stephenson also notes that several small provings of Cadmium Metallicum have been conducted.(2) Skinner used the 10M and 50M potencies on 4 female provers; noted by McFarland in 1930. Templeton (1949) used the 2C potency with 9 provers; and, in the same year Pahud conducted a proving with 16 provers. Gutman in 1951 produced results using 2C, 3C, 6C and 12C potencies on 38 provers; and, in 1957 Gringuaz conducted a small proving with 2 provers.
Apparently both Dioscorides and Pliny described "Cadmia" in ancient times. However, it was simultaneously identified (and assumed its place in the periodic table) by Hermann and Stromeyer in 1817. Like most heavy metals, Cadmium may be beneficial in minute amounts. However, as an environmental pollutant it may be extremely toxic. Trocas (3) lists the most commonly found environmental sources of cadmium:
*cigarette smoke (active or passive)
*contaminated foods (with a low Zn/Cd ratio) [NB: shellfish & animal livers]
*fertilisers
*recycled manure used in animal feed
*burning of petrochemicals, plastics, tyres
*coal burning
*zinc ore smelters/cadmium plating/a by-product of zinc refining
*water/drains & pipes where cadmium was used for the galvanising process
*pigment in paint [especially enamel]
*stabiliser for PVC pipes
*battery manufacture
*automatic soft drink dispensers (where acid syrup stands overnight in contact with
tubes & valves, or containers are cadmium plated).
For a comprehensive summary of the metal's occurrence in nature, its' physical constants, toxicology, pharmacology and chemical action, refer to Stephenson. (4)
The following rubrics were graded accordingly: 1st degree = 1 prover; 2nd degree = 2 provers; 3rd degree = 3 provers and 4th DEGREE = 4 or more provers.
Face: Face feels dry; lips feel dry (desire to lick).
Rectum:
Urinary:
Female:
Vagina sensitive, external genitals feel swollen during menses pressure; elbows sore with headache; hands cold; pain L wrist, grasping squeezing (contains firm, formed plugs of pus); blind, red eruptions scratching; skin on hands and feel hot to touch; skin itchy: back, shoulders, groin scratching, bathing in warm water.
Modalities:
It was ascertained that the action of the remedy lasted approximately 21 days.
According to a government public health statement, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea are the most likely symptoms following acute exposure to cadmium. However, long term exposure through the air or diet may result in kidney damage. This kidney disease is usually not life threatening, but it can lead to the formation of kidney stones and effects on the skeleton are equally painful and debilitating. Respiratory effects may include bronchiolitis and alveolitis. Lung damage, such as emphysema, has been observed in workers in factories where levels of cadmium concentration in the air are high. Lung cancer has been shown to occur in animals exposed for long periods to cadmium in the air. Studies in humans also suggest that long-term inhalation of cadmium can result in increased risk of lung cancer. High blood pressure has been observed in animals exposed to cadmium. Further research is needed to ascertain whether cadmium exposure is implicated in human hypertension.
Other tissues reported to be injured by cadmium exposure in animals or humans include the liver, the testes, the immune system, the nervous system and the blood. Reproductive and developmental effects have been observed in animals treated with cadmium, but these have not been reported in humans. However, pregnant women exposed to high concentrations of cadmium in the workplace gave birth to infants with below normal birth weights.(5)
These observations are, I believe, a reliable foundation for possible organ and system affinities.
References:
(1) Murphy, R Lotus Materia Medica
Lotus Star Academy Colorado 1995 p300
(2) Stephenson, J A Materia Medica and Repertory
Jain Publishers New Delhi 1963 p24
(3) Trocas, D Environment Sources of Heavy Metals
ACNM resource pamphlet 1997
(4) Stephenson, J Op cit pp 25-26
(5) Internet report Public Health Statement for Cadmium (4/10/97)
This Proving was published in Homoopathic Links vol 14 Autumn 2001
Registered Homeopath
EFT(Advanced) Practitioner
www.southporthomeopathy.co.uk
A PROVING OF CADMIUM METALLICUM (1998)
Patricia A Hatherly BA DipEd IBCLC BHSc (Hom)
Final year students undertaking a degree in Health Science (Homoeopathy) at the Australian College of Natural Medicine, Brisbane are required to participate in a proving in order to fulfil course requirements. These provings follow the principles laid down by Hahnemann in paragraphs 105-145 of the Organon of Medicine, and those guidelines suggested by J Sherr in The Dynamics and Methodology of Homoeopathic Provings and the March 1997 draft of the ICCH recommended guidelines for good provings.
The remedy for this inaugural proving was selected by the course co-ordinator Dr. Mita Parmar and distributed blind on 21/8/1988 (the eve of a new moon and solar eclipse) in the 7C, 8C and 30C potencies to the five students who acted as supervisors to five anonymous volunteers who were in good health and had not taken any remedy in the three months prior to the proving. A base-line case was taken by each supervisor, and each volunteer was instructed to take the remedy away from food and drink in the morning and evening of three consecutive days (ie maximum of 6 doses) or, until symptoms began to arise. Supervisors were required to maintain daily contact initially with the subjects until it was agreed-upon by both parties that two or three contacts a week would suffice. As Master Prover I was available at all times for the supervisors should they need any assistance, and met with the students weekly throughout the proving which lasted 8 weeks.
Murphy notes that the first proving was conducted by Burdach in 1827 with a half grain and later by Petroz.(1) Stephenson also notes that several small provings of Cadmium Metallicum have been conducted.(2) Skinner used the 10M and 50M potencies on 4 female provers; noted by McFarland in 1930. Templeton (1949) used the 2C potency with 9 provers; and, in the same year Pahud conducted a proving with 16 provers. Gutman in 1951 produced results using 2C, 3C, 6C and 12C potencies on 38 provers; and, in 1957 Gringuaz conducted a small proving with 2 provers.
Apparently both Dioscorides and Pliny described "Cadmia" in ancient times. However, it was simultaneously identified (and assumed its place in the periodic table) by Hermann and Stromeyer in 1817. Like most heavy metals, Cadmium may be beneficial in minute amounts. However, as an environmental pollutant it may be extremely toxic. Trocas (3) lists the most commonly found environmental sources of cadmium:
*cigarette smoke (active or passive)
*contaminated foods (with a low Zn/Cd ratio) [NB: shellfish & animal livers]
*fertilisers
*recycled manure used in animal feed
*burning of petrochemicals, plastics, tyres
*coal burning
*zinc ore smelters/cadmium plating/a by-product of zinc refining
*water/drains & pipes where cadmium was used for the galvanising process
*pigment in paint [especially enamel]
*stabiliser for PVC pipes
*battery manufacture
*automatic soft drink dispensers (where acid syrup stands overnight in contact with
tubes & valves, or containers are cadmium plated).
For a comprehensive summary of the metal's occurrence in nature, its' physical constants, toxicology, pharmacology and chemical action, refer to Stephenson. (4)
The following rubrics were graded accordingly: 1st degree = 1 prover; 2nd degree = 2 provers; 3rd degree = 3 provers and 4th DEGREE = 4 or more provers.
Face: Face feels dry; lips feel dry (desire to lick).
Rectum:
Urinary:
Female:
Vagina sensitive, external genitals feel swollen during menses pressure; elbows sore with headache; hands cold; pain L wrist, grasping squeezing (contains firm, formed plugs of pus); blind, red eruptions scratching; skin on hands and feel hot to touch; skin itchy: back, shoulders, groin scratching, bathing in warm water.
Modalities:
It was ascertained that the action of the remedy lasted approximately 21 days.
According to a government public health statement, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea are the most likely symptoms following acute exposure to cadmium. However, long term exposure through the air or diet may result in kidney damage. This kidney disease is usually not life threatening, but it can lead to the formation of kidney stones and effects on the skeleton are equally painful and debilitating. Respiratory effects may include bronchiolitis and alveolitis. Lung damage, such as emphysema, has been observed in workers in factories where levels of cadmium concentration in the air are high. Lung cancer has been shown to occur in animals exposed for long periods to cadmium in the air. Studies in humans also suggest that long-term inhalation of cadmium can result in increased risk of lung cancer. High blood pressure has been observed in animals exposed to cadmium. Further research is needed to ascertain whether cadmium exposure is implicated in human hypertension.
Other tissues reported to be injured by cadmium exposure in animals or humans include the liver, the testes, the immune system, the nervous system and the blood. Reproductive and developmental effects have been observed in animals treated with cadmium, but these have not been reported in humans. However, pregnant women exposed to high concentrations of cadmium in the workplace gave birth to infants with below normal birth weights.(5)
These observations are, I believe, a reliable foundation for possible organ and system affinities.
References:
(1) Murphy, R Lotus Materia Medica
Lotus Star Academy Colorado 1995 p300
(2) Stephenson, J A Materia Medica and Repertory
Jain Publishers New Delhi 1963 p24
(3) Trocas, D Environment Sources of Heavy Metals
ACNM resource pamphlet 1997
(4) Stephenson, J Op cit pp 25-26
(5) Internet report Public Health Statement for Cadmium (4/10/97)
This Proving was published in Homoopathic Links vol 14 Autumn 2001
Registered Homeopath
EFT(Advanced) Practitioner
www.southporthomeopathy.co.uk