3rd International Conference on Psychology, Children and Homeopathy
Posted: Tue Jul 10, 2007 10:07 am
hi friends,
this is a small information about the forthcoming 3rd International Conference on Psychology, Children and Homeopathy from 9th to 11th August 2007 in Dubai, U.A.E.
for further information pls contact:
Dr Rachna K Singh
Homoeopathic Consultant &
Lifestyle Management Expert
Escorts Heart Institute & Research Center
New Delhi, India
Ph: +91-9810021945
E-Mail: rachnaksingh@hotmail.com
......................................................................
Dear Doctor / Homoeopath,
We are pleased to invite you to the forthcoming 3rd International Conference on Psychology, Children and Homeopathy from 9th to 11th August 2007 in Dubai, U.A.E.
This conference is being organised in association with Century College of Homeopathy (CTCH), Dubai.
Complete information is available at: www.mrch.org.uk
To find out how much you can save on Conference fee* please study through below table and choose the option which meets your conditions.
We look forward to meet you in Dubai again
Respectfully
Dr. F. Shaddel MD
Secretary Organiser
Group
Definition
Discount
Save
Presenting paper in Conference
We select two of the best submitted papers about the subject of Conference. 1 hour presentation time is allocated for each paper during conference. Please find more about this option in "Call for paper" which is being released shortly.
50%
£135
Presenting paper in Souvenir
We publish all received papers which meet scientific standards of conference in the Souvenir of Conference
30%
£85
Submitting paper for Conference
We consider 10% appreciation discount for authors of all received papers which have not been accepted for presenting in Souvenir or Conference
15%
£45
Faculty of CTCH and Pioneer University
Current and old Faculty of CTCH and Pioneer University in any country
50%
£135
Students of CTCH
Current and old students of CTCH in any country
25%
£75
Students of Pioneer University
Current and old students of Pioneer University in any country
20%
£60
Student of Hahnemann College
Current and old students of HCH in any country
50%
£135
Delegates of Dubai conference 2006
If you have attended the previous year conference in Dubai you are entitled to use this promotion
25%
£75
Lecturers of Dubai Conference 2006
If you have presented a paper in previous year Conference in Dubai, you are welcome to take this option
50%
£135
Group registering
Registering 5 or more delegates as a group
10%
£30
* Terms and conditions:
1. These offers are valid till July 9, 2007
2. These offers are valid only about Conference fee (Not other packages including accommodation)
2. Any delegate may use only one of the options
3. For taking the promotional rates please write to: event@mrch.org.uk with "Save" as subject.
For Paper
Dear Homeopaths/Doctors
We are very pleased to invite all distinguished lecturers, researchers, authors and practitioners in the field of Pediatric, Psychology, Psychiatry and Homeopathy to submit their valuable Scientific papers for presentation in forthcoming International Homeopathy Conference held on 9-11th August 2007 or publishing in its souvenir.
The complete information about conference is available at: www.mrch.org.uk
The best two or three papers will be selected for presentation at conference (half to one hour) and the others which meet the standards of conference (Please refer to below guideline) will be published in Conference Souvenir and distributed internationally. In return of your commitment to Homeopathy literature you can enjoy from below privileges:
1. 50% discount on Conference fee for the first three best papers (Save 270USD)
2. 30% discount on conference fee for all accepted papers for publishing in Souvenir (Save 170USD)
3. 15% discount on conference fee even for refused papers (Save 90USD)
4. A free copy of souvenir
5. Official â?oThank you letterâ? from Registration Consul of Homeopathy UK to all received papers
6. 10% discount on all RCH memberships (Valid for 3 months from the date of â?oThank youâ? letter)
Format of Paper:
1. The paper should be submitted in .doc or .ppt format only
2. It should not exceed 500 words
3. Please refer to below Guideline
Closing date:
July 1, 2007, 12:00 Midnight (London local time), Please send your papers by email (Preferable), Fax or Post to:
(The posted papers will not be returned for any reason)
Registration Consul of Homeopathy UK
159 Broadway, London, UK, UB1 1LR
Tel-Fax: 0044 (208) 843 9220
Email: info@mrch.org.uk
Website: www.mrch.org.uk
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This Guideline is a part of a book of World Health Organization that we are forwarding to you for academic reason by permission of WHO.
Making a Scientific Presentation
Introduction:
The quality of presentation in scientific meeting often leaves much to be desired. A number of sources are now available to help researchers improve their presentations. A good scientific presentation must follow the following three "Ps". It should be: Planned with care, Prepared with care and presented with care. The following sections provide some useful guidelines, particularly for beginners.
Planning of the presentation
In planning a scientific presentation, presenters need to ask the Organizers of the scientific meeting about: the audience and their level of knowledge and interest in the subject since the planning of the presentation will be different for a specialist audience, a generalist audience or a mixed audience; the time available for presentation and the type of visual aids available. Presenters should ask themselves what he main message (or messages) is that they would like to convey and how it can be conveyed to the type of audience concerned in the time allotted.
The manuscript of an article (as submitted for publication) should not be used as such for a scientific presentation. The difference between speaking and writing is the same as the difference between hearing and reading. A reader chooses his own pace, the listener must accept the pace chosen by speaker. Listening to the news on television is different from reading news in the newspaper
To change a written scientific paper into an oral presentation, the presenter must follow three "S words"; Select, Synthesize and Simplify. Select from the written article the points to present. Synthesize the information in the article to package it in the limited time available. Simplify the presentation of the data, so that it can be easily followed and understood by the audience.
In the planning stage, the title of the presentation has to be decided and an abstract has to be submitted to the organizers of the scientific meeting. A good title can be defined as the fewest possible words that adequately describe the contents of the presentation. The abstract can attract or put off the audience. The abstract is the part of the presentation will be published in the conference programme. A good abstract should be a miniature version of the presentation. The abstract should be sent to organizers before the deadline and in the format and length requested.
Preparation
Preparation of text
In preparing the text of a scientific presentation:
* Avoid too much detail and resist the temptation to overload the presentation with information.
* Avoid Jargon and abbreviations, unless they are clear to all the audience.
* Aim at the average person in the audience
* Use plain English
The structure of a presentation is different from the structure of a written paper.
Normally, it should consist of three parts, introduction, main message and conclusions.
The introduction should tell the audience what the presentation will be about. Where possible, the opening sentences should capture the attention of the audience. It helps to have something like a "punch line", which will alert the audience to the importance of the subject.
The main message should be clear and concise. The usual detail of a written paper is unsuitable for a presentation. It is generally unwise to introduce more than one new idea every 2 to 3 minutes.
The conclusion should summarize the main points. Try for a strong finish. Stopping speaking is not finishing. Leave the audience with a "take home message".
Preparation of visual aids: speaking visually
Objectives for using visual aids
It has been said that we remember 20% of what we hear, 30% of what we see, but between 50% and 75% of what we see and hear (Sorgi and Hawkins, 1985). A Chinese proverb says "A picture is worth a thousand words". Visual aids are not an objective in themselves. They are used to serve one or more of the following objective:
* Holding the attention of the audience
* Presenting the data in a clear way
* Delivering the presentation without having to read from notes
* Commonly used visual aids include slides, overhead transparencies and computer assisted presentation.
Slides
Slides are the commonest visual aid used in scientific presentations. They can make or break the presentation. Until recently photographic film slides were very commonly used; now electronic slides presented as a data show have largely taken over. The basic rules for a good presentation are the same for film slides and electronic slides. There are three main types of slides: data slides (tables, graphs, flow charts), text slides and figure slides. A mix of text, data and figure slides helps to maintain the interest of audience.
Text slides are not meant to be read by the speaker, but by the audience. Lettering should generally be limited to 4 lines and should never be more than 7, including the title. It is advisable not to use more than 8 words per line.
Complicated tables are not visual aids. They have been described as instruments of torture for audience. Tables of data suitable for written publication are highly unsuitable for a scientific presentation. The termâ?Tâ?T Railway Timetable slidesâ?Tâ?T is sometimes used to describe the difficulty with slides showing complicated tables. Do not use more than seven lines (including title) and four columns in any table. The writing on a film slide should be easily legible by the naked eye. Use the whole area of the slide. There is no need to put the data in an outer box. Note in the design of the table that the transparent area in a film slide is not square but oblong. Columns are preferably separated by a space larger than the width of the column.
Graphs should replace tables where possible in a visual presentation. They are better than showing relationships. Preparation of graphs has now been made easy by computer programs. Four types of graphs are often used: bar or column charts; curves; pie-charts; and scatter graphs.
v Bar charts are better for lettering than column charts. Avoid over crowding the slide. The number of bars should be limited to five to seven. An overcrowded column chart is sometimes called a â?~â?TNew York Skylineâ?Tâ?T slide, to en emphasize that it is not suitable for presentation.
v No more than two or three curves can be shown on a slide. Space on the slide should not be wasted.
v The slide of a pie-chart must not be too numerous nor too small. Three to five divisions is ideal.
v Scatter graphs are good for slide presentation. They give a clear and simple overview of the data to show relationship.
v Flow charts should not be complicated. A complicated flow chart looking like a â?~â?Tsubwayâ?T map is not useful for a presentation. A complicated flow chart can be built up in a number of successive slides.
Figure slides of drawings and pictures, if meant for humour ,should be selected with care and sensitivity to the type of audience. They should not offend the feelings of anyone in the audience.
Tips in slide preparation
v A common mistake is to try to put too much on one slide. As a general rule, no slide should be shown unless it can be read by the back row of the audience .As a general rule, lettering on a film slide should be large enough to be read by the naked eye without projection.
v The shape of a film slide is rectangular: 36Ò³ 24 mm. The dimensions of the material on the slide should be prepared with this in mind.
v Upper case letters are less legible than lower case letters. This is why lower case is commonly used in direction signs on motorways and on the underground. Our eyes are more accustomed to small letters in books and newspapers.
v While choice of color is a matter of taste and judgment to a certain extent, color should not be used for decoration but to improve understanding. Select colors that project well. Popular combinations are blue and white, and green and yellow. Red text may be more difficult to read. The number of colors should be limited to what is really necessary for presenting the data in a clear way.
Computer software
Computer software is used for preparation of electronic slides for a data show. A widely used program is Microsoft Powerpoint. The same program can make the preparation of 35-mm film slides easier and better. The file of slides created on the computer can be sent as a floppy disk or via a modem to a bureau for creating film slides. Computer generation of electronic or field slides offers a number of additional advantages. The software guides you through the preparation, provides templates and recommends consistent color schemes. Preparation of graphs is easy. Photographs and drawings can be imported from other software programs. The program allows each slide to have a text note attached and the slide and note can be printed out on the same paper page to serve as speakerâ?Ts notes. A number of slides can be printed out on one page of paper to be used as audience handouts. The slides created for a presentation can be viewed and edited on the computer screen. Slides are saved and can be included in another presentation. The slides created for a presentation can be viewed in a timed fashion on the screen and the timing of the accompanying talk can be checked and adjusted.
Rehearsal
The preparation of the text and of the slides has to take the allotted time into consideration. Rehearsal is the key to make sure that you will deliver the presentation without exceeding the time. Even very experienced speakers rehearse their presentations. You can rehearse on your own, or with the help of colleagues.
A pleasant average rate of delivery is not more than 120 words a minute. A word processor can give the exact word count of written presentation. A double spaced typewritten page is about 240 words. For a ten minute presentation, plan on no more than five pages of double-space text.
A general rule is one slide per minute if the slide contains information and one slide every 5-10 seconds if the slide contains only titles, key words, or is designed just to remove another visual from the screen. The exact time for the non-information slide will also depend on the amount of script to be covered while it is displayed. Having to skip slides during the presentation, because the slides are too many, means that preparation of the presentation was poor.
Presentation
The challenge to the speaker is to hold the attention of audience. Particularly when the lights are dim the audience can have sweet dreams during a boring presentation
v Get ready
v Speak well
v Mange your slides
v Keep to the time
v Be prepared to answer questions
Getting ready:
It is always advisable to check the room where the presentation will be given, in advance. Check the podium for the microphone, the remote control for the slide projection, the slide pointer and the lights. Provide your slides, properly arranged, or diskette to the technician for projection.
Speaking well:
Perfection in speaking is acquired. It is acquired by practice, by observing good speakers, and by learning from your own mistakes as well as mistakes of other speakers. If you are exited and eager to share, others will warm to you. If the microphone is to be attached, attach it to the lapel of the jacket or dress, and not to a movable part such as the necktie. It can produce a distracting background noise when you move. Look the audience in the eye.
It is more effective not to read your presentation. If, however, you read from a script, the script should be written for hearing not reading. Prompter cards or prompter slides can help the speaker to deliver the presentation without having to read. The generally accepted rate for easy hearing and understanding is not more than 120 words-a-minute, as indicated above. Pauses in speaking replace punctuation in writing: coma: break of one second; semicolon: break of two seconds; period/full stop: break of three seconds; paragraph: break of four seconds. Varying the tone, pitch and volume helps to maintain the attention of the audience.
Managing slides:
Mark and number film slides. If a slide is projected upside down, there are seven possible ways of showing it again wrongly, before the correct orientation discovered. The international convention calls for a spot to be placed in the lower lift-hand corner as the slide is viewed by naked eye. This should be visible at the upper right corner when slide is inserted. Check your slides before presentation. Well organized conferences usually have a preview room where this can be done.
Remember the saying that if anything can go wrong, it will. Be prepared for the possibility of breakdown of visual equipment. It is generally advisable to start the presentation with the lights on. Keep the lights off till you complete showing the slides. Use filler slides if needed, to avoid having lights on and off during the presentation. But, it may be good to conclude while the lights are on, to make a strong finish.
Do not read the slides. You can safely assume that the audience is literate and is not blind. An exception can be made in case of simultaneous translation, so that the translator can translate the slide which is read. Better still; provide translators with a copy of your text notes. Do not go back to a previous slide. Insert a copy.
The use of two projectors in parallel, with two screens (dual projection), and two sets of slides is really only useful when you want to show changes that are difficult to demonstrate unless two slides are compared side by side. The audience must be given time to look at both slides. A good rule is never to show two text slides at the same time.
Keeping to time:
The speaker who exceeds his allotted time is guilty of gross bad manners. He imposes not only on his audience, but also on all the speakers who come after him. It is a sign of poor preparation.
Answering questions:
Answer politely. Do not answer questions in dismissive or confrontational manner. Answer knowledgeably. Remember that â?~â?TI do not know â?~â?T is a good answer.
Reference:
A Practical Guide for Health Researchers written by:
Mahmoud F. Fathalla (Gynecologist), Mohamed M.F. Fathalla
ISBN: 92-9021-363-9
World Health organization, Cario, 2004
this is a small information about the forthcoming 3rd International Conference on Psychology, Children and Homeopathy from 9th to 11th August 2007 in Dubai, U.A.E.
for further information pls contact:
Dr Rachna K Singh
Homoeopathic Consultant &
Lifestyle Management Expert
Escorts Heart Institute & Research Center
New Delhi, India
Ph: +91-9810021945
E-Mail: rachnaksingh@hotmail.com
......................................................................
Dear Doctor / Homoeopath,
We are pleased to invite you to the forthcoming 3rd International Conference on Psychology, Children and Homeopathy from 9th to 11th August 2007 in Dubai, U.A.E.
This conference is being organised in association with Century College of Homeopathy (CTCH), Dubai.
Complete information is available at: www.mrch.org.uk
To find out how much you can save on Conference fee* please study through below table and choose the option which meets your conditions.
We look forward to meet you in Dubai again
Respectfully
Dr. F. Shaddel MD
Secretary Organiser
Group
Definition
Discount
Save
Presenting paper in Conference
We select two of the best submitted papers about the subject of Conference. 1 hour presentation time is allocated for each paper during conference. Please find more about this option in "Call for paper" which is being released shortly.
50%
£135
Presenting paper in Souvenir
We publish all received papers which meet scientific standards of conference in the Souvenir of Conference
30%
£85
Submitting paper for Conference
We consider 10% appreciation discount for authors of all received papers which have not been accepted for presenting in Souvenir or Conference
15%
£45
Faculty of CTCH and Pioneer University
Current and old Faculty of CTCH and Pioneer University in any country
50%
£135
Students of CTCH
Current and old students of CTCH in any country
25%
£75
Students of Pioneer University
Current and old students of Pioneer University in any country
20%
£60
Student of Hahnemann College
Current and old students of HCH in any country
50%
£135
Delegates of Dubai conference 2006
If you have attended the previous year conference in Dubai you are entitled to use this promotion
25%
£75
Lecturers of Dubai Conference 2006
If you have presented a paper in previous year Conference in Dubai, you are welcome to take this option
50%
£135
Group registering
Registering 5 or more delegates as a group
10%
£30
* Terms and conditions:
1. These offers are valid till July 9, 2007
2. These offers are valid only about Conference fee (Not other packages including accommodation)
2. Any delegate may use only one of the options
3. For taking the promotional rates please write to: event@mrch.org.uk with "Save" as subject.
For Paper
Dear Homeopaths/Doctors
We are very pleased to invite all distinguished lecturers, researchers, authors and practitioners in the field of Pediatric, Psychology, Psychiatry and Homeopathy to submit their valuable Scientific papers for presentation in forthcoming International Homeopathy Conference held on 9-11th August 2007 or publishing in its souvenir.
The complete information about conference is available at: www.mrch.org.uk
The best two or three papers will be selected for presentation at conference (half to one hour) and the others which meet the standards of conference (Please refer to below guideline) will be published in Conference Souvenir and distributed internationally. In return of your commitment to Homeopathy literature you can enjoy from below privileges:
1. 50% discount on Conference fee for the first three best papers (Save 270USD)
2. 30% discount on conference fee for all accepted papers for publishing in Souvenir (Save 170USD)
3. 15% discount on conference fee even for refused papers (Save 90USD)
4. A free copy of souvenir
5. Official â?oThank you letterâ? from Registration Consul of Homeopathy UK to all received papers
6. 10% discount on all RCH memberships (Valid for 3 months from the date of â?oThank youâ? letter)
Format of Paper:
1. The paper should be submitted in .doc or .ppt format only
2. It should not exceed 500 words
3. Please refer to below Guideline
Closing date:
July 1, 2007, 12:00 Midnight (London local time), Please send your papers by email (Preferable), Fax or Post to:
(The posted papers will not be returned for any reason)
Registration Consul of Homeopathy UK
159 Broadway, London, UK, UB1 1LR
Tel-Fax: 0044 (208) 843 9220
Email: info@mrch.org.uk
Website: www.mrch.org.uk
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This Guideline is a part of a book of World Health Organization that we are forwarding to you for academic reason by permission of WHO.
Making a Scientific Presentation
Introduction:
The quality of presentation in scientific meeting often leaves much to be desired. A number of sources are now available to help researchers improve their presentations. A good scientific presentation must follow the following three "Ps". It should be: Planned with care, Prepared with care and presented with care. The following sections provide some useful guidelines, particularly for beginners.
Planning of the presentation
In planning a scientific presentation, presenters need to ask the Organizers of the scientific meeting about: the audience and their level of knowledge and interest in the subject since the planning of the presentation will be different for a specialist audience, a generalist audience or a mixed audience; the time available for presentation and the type of visual aids available. Presenters should ask themselves what he main message (or messages) is that they would like to convey and how it can be conveyed to the type of audience concerned in the time allotted.
The manuscript of an article (as submitted for publication) should not be used as such for a scientific presentation. The difference between speaking and writing is the same as the difference between hearing and reading. A reader chooses his own pace, the listener must accept the pace chosen by speaker. Listening to the news on television is different from reading news in the newspaper
To change a written scientific paper into an oral presentation, the presenter must follow three "S words"; Select, Synthesize and Simplify. Select from the written article the points to present. Synthesize the information in the article to package it in the limited time available. Simplify the presentation of the data, so that it can be easily followed and understood by the audience.
In the planning stage, the title of the presentation has to be decided and an abstract has to be submitted to the organizers of the scientific meeting. A good title can be defined as the fewest possible words that adequately describe the contents of the presentation. The abstract can attract or put off the audience. The abstract is the part of the presentation will be published in the conference programme. A good abstract should be a miniature version of the presentation. The abstract should be sent to organizers before the deadline and in the format and length requested.
Preparation
Preparation of text
In preparing the text of a scientific presentation:
* Avoid too much detail and resist the temptation to overload the presentation with information.
* Avoid Jargon and abbreviations, unless they are clear to all the audience.
* Aim at the average person in the audience
* Use plain English
The structure of a presentation is different from the structure of a written paper.
Normally, it should consist of three parts, introduction, main message and conclusions.
The introduction should tell the audience what the presentation will be about. Where possible, the opening sentences should capture the attention of the audience. It helps to have something like a "punch line", which will alert the audience to the importance of the subject.
The main message should be clear and concise. The usual detail of a written paper is unsuitable for a presentation. It is generally unwise to introduce more than one new idea every 2 to 3 minutes.
The conclusion should summarize the main points. Try for a strong finish. Stopping speaking is not finishing. Leave the audience with a "take home message".
Preparation of visual aids: speaking visually
Objectives for using visual aids
It has been said that we remember 20% of what we hear, 30% of what we see, but between 50% and 75% of what we see and hear (Sorgi and Hawkins, 1985). A Chinese proverb says "A picture is worth a thousand words". Visual aids are not an objective in themselves. They are used to serve one or more of the following objective:
* Holding the attention of the audience
* Presenting the data in a clear way
* Delivering the presentation without having to read from notes
* Commonly used visual aids include slides, overhead transparencies and computer assisted presentation.
Slides
Slides are the commonest visual aid used in scientific presentations. They can make or break the presentation. Until recently photographic film slides were very commonly used; now electronic slides presented as a data show have largely taken over. The basic rules for a good presentation are the same for film slides and electronic slides. There are three main types of slides: data slides (tables, graphs, flow charts), text slides and figure slides. A mix of text, data and figure slides helps to maintain the interest of audience.
Text slides are not meant to be read by the speaker, but by the audience. Lettering should generally be limited to 4 lines and should never be more than 7, including the title. It is advisable not to use more than 8 words per line.
Complicated tables are not visual aids. They have been described as instruments of torture for audience. Tables of data suitable for written publication are highly unsuitable for a scientific presentation. The termâ?Tâ?T Railway Timetable slidesâ?Tâ?T is sometimes used to describe the difficulty with slides showing complicated tables. Do not use more than seven lines (including title) and four columns in any table. The writing on a film slide should be easily legible by the naked eye. Use the whole area of the slide. There is no need to put the data in an outer box. Note in the design of the table that the transparent area in a film slide is not square but oblong. Columns are preferably separated by a space larger than the width of the column.
Graphs should replace tables where possible in a visual presentation. They are better than showing relationships. Preparation of graphs has now been made easy by computer programs. Four types of graphs are often used: bar or column charts; curves; pie-charts; and scatter graphs.
v Bar charts are better for lettering than column charts. Avoid over crowding the slide. The number of bars should be limited to five to seven. An overcrowded column chart is sometimes called a â?~â?TNew York Skylineâ?Tâ?T slide, to en emphasize that it is not suitable for presentation.
v No more than two or three curves can be shown on a slide. Space on the slide should not be wasted.
v The slide of a pie-chart must not be too numerous nor too small. Three to five divisions is ideal.
v Scatter graphs are good for slide presentation. They give a clear and simple overview of the data to show relationship.
v Flow charts should not be complicated. A complicated flow chart looking like a â?~â?Tsubwayâ?T map is not useful for a presentation. A complicated flow chart can be built up in a number of successive slides.
Figure slides of drawings and pictures, if meant for humour ,should be selected with care and sensitivity to the type of audience. They should not offend the feelings of anyone in the audience.
Tips in slide preparation
v A common mistake is to try to put too much on one slide. As a general rule, no slide should be shown unless it can be read by the back row of the audience .As a general rule, lettering on a film slide should be large enough to be read by the naked eye without projection.
v The shape of a film slide is rectangular: 36Ò³ 24 mm. The dimensions of the material on the slide should be prepared with this in mind.
v Upper case letters are less legible than lower case letters. This is why lower case is commonly used in direction signs on motorways and on the underground. Our eyes are more accustomed to small letters in books and newspapers.
v While choice of color is a matter of taste and judgment to a certain extent, color should not be used for decoration but to improve understanding. Select colors that project well. Popular combinations are blue and white, and green and yellow. Red text may be more difficult to read. The number of colors should be limited to what is really necessary for presenting the data in a clear way.
Computer software
Computer software is used for preparation of electronic slides for a data show. A widely used program is Microsoft Powerpoint. The same program can make the preparation of 35-mm film slides easier and better. The file of slides created on the computer can be sent as a floppy disk or via a modem to a bureau for creating film slides. Computer generation of electronic or field slides offers a number of additional advantages. The software guides you through the preparation, provides templates and recommends consistent color schemes. Preparation of graphs is easy. Photographs and drawings can be imported from other software programs. The program allows each slide to have a text note attached and the slide and note can be printed out on the same paper page to serve as speakerâ?Ts notes. A number of slides can be printed out on one page of paper to be used as audience handouts. The slides created for a presentation can be viewed and edited on the computer screen. Slides are saved and can be included in another presentation. The slides created for a presentation can be viewed in a timed fashion on the screen and the timing of the accompanying talk can be checked and adjusted.
Rehearsal
The preparation of the text and of the slides has to take the allotted time into consideration. Rehearsal is the key to make sure that you will deliver the presentation without exceeding the time. Even very experienced speakers rehearse their presentations. You can rehearse on your own, or with the help of colleagues.
A pleasant average rate of delivery is not more than 120 words a minute. A word processor can give the exact word count of written presentation. A double spaced typewritten page is about 240 words. For a ten minute presentation, plan on no more than five pages of double-space text.
A general rule is one slide per minute if the slide contains information and one slide every 5-10 seconds if the slide contains only titles, key words, or is designed just to remove another visual from the screen. The exact time for the non-information slide will also depend on the amount of script to be covered while it is displayed. Having to skip slides during the presentation, because the slides are too many, means that preparation of the presentation was poor.
Presentation
The challenge to the speaker is to hold the attention of audience. Particularly when the lights are dim the audience can have sweet dreams during a boring presentation
v Get ready
v Speak well
v Mange your slides
v Keep to the time
v Be prepared to answer questions
Getting ready:
It is always advisable to check the room where the presentation will be given, in advance. Check the podium for the microphone, the remote control for the slide projection, the slide pointer and the lights. Provide your slides, properly arranged, or diskette to the technician for projection.
Speaking well:
Perfection in speaking is acquired. It is acquired by practice, by observing good speakers, and by learning from your own mistakes as well as mistakes of other speakers. If you are exited and eager to share, others will warm to you. If the microphone is to be attached, attach it to the lapel of the jacket or dress, and not to a movable part such as the necktie. It can produce a distracting background noise when you move. Look the audience in the eye.
It is more effective not to read your presentation. If, however, you read from a script, the script should be written for hearing not reading. Prompter cards or prompter slides can help the speaker to deliver the presentation without having to read. The generally accepted rate for easy hearing and understanding is not more than 120 words-a-minute, as indicated above. Pauses in speaking replace punctuation in writing: coma: break of one second; semicolon: break of two seconds; period/full stop: break of three seconds; paragraph: break of four seconds. Varying the tone, pitch and volume helps to maintain the attention of the audience.
Managing slides:
Mark and number film slides. If a slide is projected upside down, there are seven possible ways of showing it again wrongly, before the correct orientation discovered. The international convention calls for a spot to be placed in the lower lift-hand corner as the slide is viewed by naked eye. This should be visible at the upper right corner when slide is inserted. Check your slides before presentation. Well organized conferences usually have a preview room where this can be done.
Remember the saying that if anything can go wrong, it will. Be prepared for the possibility of breakdown of visual equipment. It is generally advisable to start the presentation with the lights on. Keep the lights off till you complete showing the slides. Use filler slides if needed, to avoid having lights on and off during the presentation. But, it may be good to conclude while the lights are on, to make a strong finish.
Do not read the slides. You can safely assume that the audience is literate and is not blind. An exception can be made in case of simultaneous translation, so that the translator can translate the slide which is read. Better still; provide translators with a copy of your text notes. Do not go back to a previous slide. Insert a copy.
The use of two projectors in parallel, with two screens (dual projection), and two sets of slides is really only useful when you want to show changes that are difficult to demonstrate unless two slides are compared side by side. The audience must be given time to look at both slides. A good rule is never to show two text slides at the same time.
Keeping to time:
The speaker who exceeds his allotted time is guilty of gross bad manners. He imposes not only on his audience, but also on all the speakers who come after him. It is a sign of poor preparation.
Answering questions:
Answer politely. Do not answer questions in dismissive or confrontational manner. Answer knowledgeably. Remember that â?~â?TI do not know â?~â?T is a good answer.
Reference:
A Practical Guide for Health Researchers written by:
Mahmoud F. Fathalla (Gynecologist), Mohamed M.F. Fathalla
ISBN: 92-9021-363-9
World Health organization, Cario, 2004