Avogadro's Number and remedies

[Sara Klein Ridgley, Ph.D.]

This is what I sent to HB privately... It is a piece by this professor
Œdisproving¹ Homeopathy based on the dilution/Avogadro¹s number. It is an
interesting read, and we get to see how Œthey¹ think...

It is followed by a URL that gives some visuals.

Sara
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Avogadro's number, (620,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 or a little more than 6
followed by 23 zeroes, in scientific notation 6.02 x 10 ^23), is the number
of Atoms or Molecules in a Mole. That is, if there are an Avogadro's number
of molecules of a substance of molecular weight "X", one has "X" grams of
that substance. The lightest molecule is Hydrogen gas, molecular weight 2.
If we have an ounce of a molecular substance, or about 30 grams, we could
not have more than 15 moles, or roughly 90 x 10^23, or 9 x 10^24. No matter
what, fewer than 10^25 molecules (10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000)
irregardless of the molecular substance. (If the molecular weight were
greater, as they all are, of course there would be fewer molecules per gram
or ounce).

A dilution of X is a dilution by a factor of 10, a dilution of C is a
dilution by a factor of 100. A 7X dilution is by a factor of 10^-7 (or
1/10,000,000), a 7C dilution is by a factor of 10^-14
(1/100,000,000,000,000). If we start with a pure substance and dilute it by
a factor of 10, we have fewer than 10^24 molecules. If we dilute by 7C we
have fewer than 10^25 x 10^-14, or 10^11 molecules.

If try to continue dilutions to 13C there are NO molecules left of the
starting material. It is IMPOSSIBLE to dilute anything to 30C, because
matter can not be further divided and retain its identity as a substance.
For example, one ounce of a 12C dilution of an ounce of Hydrogen Gas would
have roughly 9 molecules of Hydrogen Gas in it. Though one could dilute this
solution by 100 (therefore 13C), producing 100 containers, the result would
be, if perfect, 9 containers with one molecule, and 91 with none. Those 9
containers would be about as close as you could get to 13C (about 25X), but
the other 91 containers would not have any Hydrogen Gas molecules. If one
continued dilutions of the containers to 30C (10^-60) only one container out
of every 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (or 10^35) would
have a molecule of Hydrogen Gas - and therefore would be about a 25X (near
13C) dilution, and virtually every container would have none of the original
substance. (If one had 10^35 vials and counted them at a rate of 10 trillion
per second, it would take about 200 trillion years to count them, or more
than 10,000 times the age of the Universe, and having counted them only one
would have had a molecule of Hydrogen Gas).

Therefore, in other words, what you believe by believing in Homeopathy, is
that a container that we know has nothing in it, will do something, and that
you believe this because of your personal observations of the phenomenon. I
can only conclude that your attribution of the observed response to the
nothing that was administered is in fact an error in attribution, though
perhaps well intentioned, unless there is evidence that there is more to
nothing than its intrinsic nothingness. That evidence has not been presented
here. It is not closed minded to be unconvinced by testimonials that nothing
can do something, that there is a way to distinguish nothing labeled as one
something from nothing labeled as another something, and that nothing can do
different somethings if labeled differently. It is not paternalistic to
inform others of the logical inconsistency in believing that there will be a
beneficial effect after taking a Homeopathic Drug, that if it was prepared
as labeled has nothing in it, informing them that there is not yet any
reasonable evidence to the contrary in spite of claims that are made, and
informing them that those who profit from the sale of those preparations are
not required to prove efficacy of what they sell.

I submit to you that Homeopathy is neither logical, nor appealing, and that
it would take rather extraordinary evidence to convince a logical audience
that a substance that is known not to be present can have a therapeutic
effect.

Sincerely,

Steve Zeitzew, M.D. Chief, Orthopaedic Surgery
Veterans Administration
Medical Center, West Los Angeles (310) 268-3663

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

And here is a good website with the tables:

http://tinyurl.com/2xkqc
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

[Sheri Nakken]

Haven't had a second to read thoroughly but will.

Would like to ask him if he believes in gravity
or love
or electricity (no one knows how that really works, though we've harnassed it)

So silly, aren't they!

At 07:57 AM 02/26/2004 -0600, you wrote:
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Sheri Nakken, R.N., MA, Classical Homeopath
Well Within & Earth Mysteries & Sacred Site Tours (worldwide)
Vaccination Information & Choice Network
http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/vaccine.htm
http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/homeo.htm
homeopathycures@tesco.net
ONLINE Introduction to Homeopathy Classes
ONLINE Introduction to Vaccine Dangers Classes
ANY INFO OBTAINED HERE NOT TO BE CONSTRUED AS MEDICAL
OR LEGAL ADVICE. THE DECISION TO VACCINATE IS YOURS AND YOURS ALONE
Voicemail US 530-740-0561 UK phone from US 011-44-1874-624-936